PH Law Digest

Ponente:   CALLEJO, SR. J. Petition for declaratory relief to declare as unconstitutional certain sections of RA 8042 Summary:  Petitioners: The Executive Secretary, the Secretary of Justice, the Secretary of Labor & Employment, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, OWWA Adminstrator, and POEA Admistrator Respondents: The Hon. Court of Appeals and Asian Recruitment Council Philippine Chapter (ARCO-PHIL), Inc. ARCO-Phil Inc filed a petition to enjoin petitioners from implementing RA 8042 (Migrant Workers & Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995) because of its unconstitutionality. Petitioners questioned ARCO-Phil’s legal standing as an organization. The SC ruled that associations are proper parties to file complaints/petitions in behalf of their constituents, in the case at bar, ARCO-Phil did have locus standi, but it has no locus standi to file the petition for and in behalf of unskilled workers. It failed to implead any unskilled workers in its petition. Nonetheless, the SC found...

Ponente: KAPUNAN J. A Special Civil Action in the Supreme Court. Certiorari and Prohibition. Summary:  Petitioner: Integrated Bar of the Philippines Respondent: Hon. Ronaldo B. Zamora, Gen. Panfilo M. Lacson, Gen. Edgar B. Aglipay, Gen. Angelo Reyes President Estrada deployed the Marines to patrol certain parts of Metro Manila. IBP questioned  the constitutionality of this action. The SC decided that the IBP has no locus standi but chose to take cognizance of the petition as it is of paramount importance to the public (especially in light of Martial Law). SC decided that Estrada's deployment of Marines is constitutional and dismissed the filed petition. ---------------------------------------- Facts: President Estrada, in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief and through a verbal directive, deployed the Marines, to join the PNP in visibility patrols in response to alarming increase in violent crimes in Metro Manila. The PNP Chief, through Police Chief Superintendent Edgar B....

Ponente: REYES, J.B.L., J. Facts: Nita Villanueva and Oscar Lazo are wife and husband. Nita underwent abortion three times all  performed by Antonio Geluz. The third time, for a consideration of P50,000. Oscar Lazo was in the province of Cagayan campaigning for his election. He did know of, nor gave his consent to the abortion. Lazo filed a case before CFI of Manila against Geluz to recover damages. CFI Manila rendered judgment in favor of Lazo, ordering Geluz to pay P3,000 as damages, P700 as attorney's fees and the costs of suit. CA sustained the award, 3-2. Geluz appealed the case to SC. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Whether the husband of a woman who voluntarily procured her abortion, could recover damages from the physician who caused the same. HELD: No. The husband cannot recover damages.   Under these circumstances, there was no factual or legal basis for the husband to recover damages. The CA and the CFI predicated the awa...

Ponente: COOPER, J. Facts: Plaintiff Pedro Martinez filed an action for a declaration of prodigality against his Father Don Francisco Martinez. Plaintiff Pedro Martinez alleged that his Father, owing to his advanced age, is dissipating and squandering his estate by: - making donations to her second wife, her parents and her relatives. - instigating groundless suits  Defendant the Father denied these allegations. He said that the son was the one mismanaging and misappropriating the property of the estate, which forced him to revoke the power of attorney given to him(the son). Likewise, the suit against his son was for the latter's refusal to render an account of his administration. The CFI rendered judgment against the son. Hence, this appeal. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Is the father prodigal? HELD: No. The father is not a prodigal. Under our law, it may be inferred that the acts of prodigality must show a morbid state of mind and a dispo...

Ponente: CORONA J. Facts: On November 26, 2002, Petitioner Rommel Jacinto Dantes Silverio field a petition for the change of his first name “Rommel Jacinto” to “Mely” and his sex from male to female in his birth certificate in the RTC of Manila, Branch 8, for reason of his sex reassignment. He alleged that he is a male transsexual (he is anatomically male but thinks and acts like a female.) RTC ruled in favor of Silverio, explaining that it is consonance with the principle of justice and equality. The Republic, through the OSG, filed a petition for certiorari in the Court of Appeals alleging that there is no law allowing change of name by reason of sex alteration. Petitioner Silverio filed a reconsideration but was denied.  Hence, this petition. ------------------------------------------------------------------ WON change in name and sex in birth certificate are allowed by reason of sex reassignment. HELD: No. No law allows the change of entry in the birth certificate as to name an...

Ponente: KAPUNAN, J. A petition for certiorari assailing the constitutionality and validity of certain memoranda, circulars and/or orders of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)  Facts: On June 26, 1990, LTFRB Chairman Fernando issued DOTC Memorandum Order No. 90-395 allowing provincial bus operators to charge passengers within a range of 15% and above and below the LTFRB official rate of one year. On December 5, 1990, Provincial Bus Operators Association of the Philippines (PBOAP) filed an application for rate increase of eight and a half centavos (P0.085) per kilometer for all types of provincial buses. On December 6, 1990, PBOAP reduced its proposed fare to of eight and a half centavos (P0.085) per kilometer for all types of provincial buses. On December 14, 1990, LTFRB granted the fare rate increase. On March 30, 1992, DOTC Secretary Prado issued Department Order No. 92-587 defining ...

Ponente: MONTEMAYOR, J. A joint appeal from the decision of the Court of First Instance of Manila  Summary : CFI Manila declared section 13 of RA 950 as unconstitutional, and ordered David to refund taxes collected from Endencia and David. On appeal from David, SC affirmed the decision, citing that collection of taxes is considered a diminution of the salaries of judicial persons. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Facts: In a previous case, Perfecto v Meer , the Supreme Court held that “taxing the salary of a judicial officer in the Philippines is a diminution of such salary and so violates the Constitution .” To counteract the Court’s ruling, Congress enacted RA 590, with special reference to Sec. 13  as its own interpretation of the aforementioned provision. Pursuant to RA 590, the defendant-appellant in this case, Saturnino David, as Collector of Internal Revenue, ordered the collection of income tax from the salary of the petitioners ...